Period SOS: Understanding PCOS and Finding Relief

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects millions of people with ovaries worldwide. It’s a complex condition that not only disrupts your menstrual cycle but can also impact your overall health, leading to weight gain, acne, hair loss, and fertility issues. Understanding PCOS is the first step in managing its symptoms and finding relief. In this post, we’ll break down what PCOS is, common symptoms, and holistic actions you can take to regain control of your health.

FACTS

1. Prevalence: PCOS affects approximately 1 in 10 individuals of reproductive age, making it one of the most common hormonal disorders in individuals with ovaries globally.

2. Infertility: PCOS is responsible for up to 70% of infertility cases due to the lack of ovulation or irregular ovulation associated with the condition.

3. Mental Health: Individuals with PCOS are three times more likely to experience anxiety and depression compared to those without the condition, due to the physical and emotional challenges it presents.

What is PCOS?

PCOS occurs when the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are present in people with ovaries in smaller amounts. This hormonal imbalance can interfere with the development and release of eggs during ovulation. As a result, ovulation may not occur regularly, causing irregular periods or no periods at all. Over time, cysts can develop on the ovaries, giving PCOS its name.

Key Causes of PCOS Include:

• Hormonal Imbalances: Excess androgens and insulin resistance are common culprits.

• Genetics: A family history of PCOS may increase your risk.

• Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress may exacerbate symptoms.

How is PCOS Diagnosed?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluations, medical history, and specific tests. While there is no single test to diagnose PCOS, doctors typically use the following criteria and methods:

1. Medical History and Symptoms

• Menstrual Irregularities: A history of irregular periods, such as infrequent or prolonged menstrual cycles, can indicate PCOS.

• Signs of Androgen Excess: Symptoms like excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, or male-pattern baldness suggest elevated androgen levels.

• Weight Gain: Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight is often associated with PCOS.

2. Physical Examination

• Signs of Excess Androgens: A physical exam may reveal symptoms like increased body or facial hair, acne, or thinning hair on the scalp.

• Weight and BMI: Weight and body mass index (BMI) may be evaluated, as many women with PCOS struggle with weight management.

• Skin Changes: Darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans), often found in body folds, may indicate insulin resistance, commonly linked to PCOS.

3. Pelvic Examination

• The doctor may perform a pelvic exam to check for any abnormalities in the ovaries or uterus.

4. Blood Tests

• Hormone Levels: Blood tests are used to measure levels of androgens (male hormones) like testosterone, as well as other hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

• Thyroid Function: To rule out thyroid issues as a cause of menstrual irregularities.

• Glucose and Insulin Levels: These may be checked to evaluate insulin resistance, which is common in PCOS.

• Cholesterol and Lipid Profile: PCOS is often associated with elevated cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

5. Ultrasound

• Pelvic Ultrasound: This imaging test looks at the ovaries to check for multiple small cysts (polycystic ovaries) and evaluates the thickness of the uterine lining. The presence of polycystic ovaries may support a diagnosis, but not all women with PCOS will have visible cysts.

6. Exclusion of Other Conditions

• Doctors may rule out other causes of hormonal imbalances, such as thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, or adrenal disorders, before confirming a PCOS diagnosis.

7. Diagnostic Criteria

PCOS is typically diagnosed if a patient meets at least two of the following three criteria (known as the Rotterdam Criteria):

1. Irregular or absent ovulation (causing irregular periods or no periods).

2. Signs of excess androgen (clinically or based on blood tests).

3. Polycystic ovaries visible on an ultrasound.

Once PCOS is diagnosed, treatment is based on managing symptoms, addressing any hormonal imbalances, and reducing the risk of long-term complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

The symptoms of PCOS can vary greatly from person to person, but the most common include:

• Irregular Periods: Missed periods or infrequent periods are one of the hallmark signs of PCOS.

• Excess Hair Growth: Known as hirsutism, unwanted hair growth can occur on the face, chest, back, and other areas.

• Acne: Hormonal imbalances can lead to persistent acne, particularly on the face, chest, and upper back.

• Weight Gain: Many individuals with PCOS struggle with maintaining a healthy weight due to insulin resistance.

• Thinning Hair: Hair loss or thinning on the scalp is another common symptom.

• Difficulty Getting Pregnant: PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility.

Holistic Actions to Manage PCOS

While there’s no cure for PCOS, holistic lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Nutrition Adjustments:

   • Focus on whole, unprocessed foods, including lean proteins, healthy fats, and fiber-rich vegetables.

   • Reduce your intake of refined carbohydrates and sugars to help manage insulin resistance.

   • Consider incorporating anti-inflammatory foods like fatty fish, leafy greens, and berries into your diet.

2. Regular Exercise:

   • Moderate exercise can help manage weight and improve insulin sensitivity. Try activities like walking, swimming, or yoga to reduce stress and boost mood.

3. Stress Management:

   • Stress can worsen hormonal imbalances, so it's essential to find healthy ways to manage it. Meditation, deep breathing exercises, or journaling can help reduce cortisol levels and promote relaxation.

4. Herbal Support:

   • Herbs like spearmint tea, inositol, and cinnamon have been shown to help balance hormones and reduce some symptoms of PCOS. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements.

5. Sleep Hygiene:

   • Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night to help balance your hormones. Establish a relaxing bedtime routine and avoid caffeine or screen time before bed.

Take Control of Your PCOS Journey

Managing PCOS can be overwhelming, but with the right tools and support, it’s possible to live a healthy and balanced life. If you’re ready to take control of your PCOS, reach out to me to learn more about how I can help you develop a personalized approach to managing your symptoms.